Atmospheric conditions cause airplane engines to form exhaust contrails. These are caused by the hot and moist engine exhaust gases mixing with the cold air. Long contrails mean the air at the flight level is very humid. Short contrails indicate drier air and a lack of water vapor in the atmosphere at that altitude. Very low relative humidity air will rarely produce a contrail.
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Short trail |
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Long trail |
In the two exemplars shown here, the contrails are produced by a four-jet engine airplane.